Recognizing the Signs of Bipolar Disorder

August 20, 2024 PCI Centers

Recognizing the Signs: Is Someone You Know Bipolar?

Bipolar disorder is a complex and often misunderstood mental health condition. According to the DSM-V-TR, there are three primary types of bipolar disorder, each involving distinct shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. These moods can vary from episodes of being highly “up,” euphoric, irritable, or energized (referred to as manic episodes) to phases of feeling very “down,” sad, apathetic, or hopeless (referred to as depressive episodes) (UDS HHS, 2024). While everyone experiences ups and downs in life, the mood shifts in bipolar disorder are more intense, unpredictable, and can significantly disrupt a person’s life. Recognizing the red flags of bipolar disorder in someone you know is crucial for encouraging them to seek professional help and support.

First Sign: Unexplained Mood Swings

During manic or hypomanic episodes, individuals may appear unusually euphoric, overly energetic, or excessively optimistic. They might engage in risky behavior, such as impulsive spending or reckless driving, and have an inflated sense of self-confidence. On the flip side, during depressive episodes, the same person may experience deep sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities they once enjoyed.

Second Sign: Changes in Sleep Patterns and Energy Levels

During a manic phase, an individual might feel like they need little to no sleep, waking up early and feeling rested after just a few hours. They might also display a surge of energy, talking rapidly, jumping from one task to another, and appearing restless. Conversely, during a depressive phase, the person may struggle to get out of bed, sleep excessively, or suffer from insomnia, all while feeling drained of energy.

Third Sign: Difficulty Maintaining Relationships

Maintaining stable relationships can be particularly challenging for someone with bipolar disorder. The intensity of their mood swings can lead to conflicts, misunderstandings, and strained interactions with family, friends, or colleagues. During manic episodes, their irritability, impulsiveness, or erratic behavior may alienate others, while during depressive phases, withdrawal and isolation can cause loved ones to feel shut out. If you notice a pattern of rocky relationships or if the person often regrets their actions after a mood episode, it could be a sign of bipolar disorder.

Fourth Sign: Drastic Shifts in Focus and Activity Levels

People with bipolar disorder often experience drastic shifts in their focus and activity levels, which can be confusing to those around them. During mania or hypomania, they might take on multiple projects or hobbies at once, driven by an intense desire to achieve or create. However, these projects are often abandoned just as quickly when the mood shifts to depression, leading to a lack of follow-through and a trail of unfinished tasks. This inconsistency can affect their work or academic performance and cause frustration both for them and those who depend on them.

Understanding Different Types of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar I Disorder

Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by intense manic episodes that last for at least one week, nearly all day, every day. In some cases, these manic episodes are so severe that they require immediate medical attention. Following a manic episode, individuals may experience hypomanic episodes, which are less intense but still disruptive. Depressive episodes often accompany these manic phases and typically last at least two weeks. When a person experiences 4 or more episodes of mania or depression within a year, it is referred to as “rapid cycling.” (USD HHS, 2024).

Bipolar II Disorder

Bipolar II Disorder is distinguished by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes. Unlike Bipolar I Disorder, the hypomanic episodes in Bipolar II are less intense and do not reach the severity of full manic episodes. However, these episodes can still be disruptive and challenging to manage. Hypomanic episodes last a minimum of 4 days, and depressive episodes are more prominent

Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia)

Cyclothymic Disorder, also known as cyclothymia, involves recurring hypomanic and depressive symptoms that are not severe or long-lasting enough to be classified as full episodes. However, these mood swings can be persistent, occurring for at least two years. Key characteristics of Cyclothymic Disorder: Recurring hypomanic and depressive symptoms, and symptoms persist for a minimum of 2 years

Treating Bipolar Disorder:

Bipolar disorder can be treated with psychotherapy, like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), as well as medications like Abilify.

Abilify (Aripiprazole) for Bipolar Disorder:

Abilify is an atypical antipsychotic medication that works by modulating dopamine and serotonin in the brain (Muneer, 2016). This helps stabilize mood and reduce symptoms of mania compared to placebo (Muneer, 2016). Abilify may assist in reducing irritability, hyperactivity, and racing thoughts. Despite potential side effects, Abilify is generally well-tolerated and effective for many individuals with bipolar disorder. It is crucial to consult with a psychiatry provider to weigh the benefits and risks of this medication.

How to Seek Help for Bipolar Disorder:

If you recognize these signs in someone you know, it’s important to approach the situation with compassion and understanding. Encourage them to seek professional help, as bipolar disorder is a treatable condition with the right combination of therapy and medication. Early intervention can make a significant difference in managing the disorder and improving quality of life.

At PCI, we offer holistic and comprehensive treatment for bipolar disorder along with co-occurring conditions like substance use disorder. Contact us today to speak with a care coordinator and determine what type of treatment is right for you.